Participants are taken by surprise by a series of unexpected momentary experiences, unaware that these have been carefully planned out and are being controlled in minute-detail. These experiences are designed to constitute the appropriate ‘raw material’ for addressing key organizational concepts such as values, skills, abilities, attitudes, etc.

Unexpected experiences can be prepared in two ways: giving participants no prior warning, enabling a hindsight reflection on a precise development objective; or warning participants to be on the alert, by which we guarantee their attention and foster reflection on what they have just experienced.